Daniel Gros (born 1955) is a German[1] economist who currently serves as the Director of the Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS), a European think tank.[2] (wikipedia)
The main way in which these markets become 'contestable' is thus via takeovers of less efficient players.
In theory this is useful but in practice I would not expect more than changes at the margin.
Ninety-five percent of the economists on the continent were with Blair. There is an economic justification to spend more on research and development at the European level.
Now comes the day of reckoning. Brown will push as hard as possible but at this stage there's not a lot he can do.
Countries like France and Germany just aren't ready for any further expansion of the EU from an economic point of view. The negotiations with Turkey basically have to be forgotten about for the next five or six years.
If they let France (protect its industries) then other countries could just copy and paste, and if you multiply that by the 25 countries of the E.U. it doesn't look very pretty.
On the Continent you find varying shades of openness. There is a wide variety of views as to the extent one should allow raw capital to be allowed to do its work.
Russia has shown it's not above the temptation of using some bargaining power or blackmail. It shows that if there is a way to get some political-economic advantages from a temporary weakness of your partner, the Russians will use it.
Within Europe, Germany wasn't exactly a leader for reform, nor a leader in anything, and that will just continue.
Germany had priced itself out of the market by the late-1990s. It is basically pricing itself back into the market.
