James Surowiecki Smart Quotations

Under the right circumstances, groups are remarkably smart - smarter even sometimes than the smartest people in them.

Groups are only smart when there is a balance between the information that everyone in the group shares and the information that each of the members of the group holds privately. It's the combination of all those pieces of independent information, some of them right, some of the wrong, that keeps the group wise.

The fact that cognitive diversity matters does not mean that if you assemble a group of diverse but thoroughly uninformed people, their collective wisdom will be smarter than an expert's. But if you can assemble a diverse group of people who possess varying degrees of knowledge and insight, you're better off entrusting it with major decisions rather than leaving them in the hands of one or two people, no matter how smart those people are.

Sometimes even a smart crowd will make a mistake.

The problem is that groups are only smart when the people in them are as independent as possible. This is the paradox of the wisdom of crowds.

For a crowd to be smart, the people in it need to be not only diverse in their perspectives but also, relatively speaking, independent of each other. In other words, you need people to be thinking for themselves, rather than following the lead of those around them.

Paradoxically, the best way for a group to be smart is for each person in it to think and act as independently as possible.